Current Solid Waste Management System Research Articles

STRATEGIES AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN PORT LOKO CITY

To create a framework for long-term, sustainable solid waste management, this paper examines the Port Loko municipalitys solid waste management plan and public involvement. It sets out: to examine the waste management tactics employed by the Port Loko City Council; to evaluate the methods used for solid waste management transportation; to investigate whether dustbins are available for collecting solid waste throughout the city; to determine whether land fill is available; to evaluate the degree of public involvement in the procedures related to solid waste management; to create a framework for long-term, sustainable solid waste management. The primary means of addressing the objectives was by means of semi-structured interviews and discussions with diverse stakeholders and members of the municipalitys community. The current solid waste management system was examined in the study, along with input from the general public, to determine its advantages and disadvantages. It was found that Port Loko Citys current solid waste management system is not sustainable. The separation of waste is not provided for. Waste is not being collected or transported in an appropriate or sufficient manner. Officially, recycling and composting of waste are not permitted. People are not involved in the decision-making process regarding solid waste because the majority of the waste is disposed of in open landfills. Additionally, the study examined the recently suggested solid waste management system. It was discovered that the recently suggested system, which includes a framework for a two-stream waste segregation system, is superior to the current system. The current waste collection and transportation system is not as good as the proposed one. A key component of the plan is the composting of biodegradable waste. But to create a solid waste management system that is sustainable, important issues were left out of the proposed system

Social, economic and environmental benefits of organic waste home composting in Iran

Organic waste management is challenging in low-middle income countries. Environmental impacts and high management costs affect the sustainable development of cities, an issue that is exacerbated by the lack of social involvement. The research conducted in Iran aims to assess the benefits of organic waste home composting in Shiraz to improve solid waste management (SWM) sustainability. The introduction of a pilot project to assess home composting systems was described, together with an economic, social and environmental analysis. The current SWM system (S0) has been compared with the new strategy proposed (S1), where home composting is considered to be introduced to collect about 10% of the municipal solid waste generated in a 10-year horizon. An economic balance related to the capital costs and operational costs of both systems was introduced, in parallel with a life cycle assessment (LCA) of the SWM system, and a questionnaire survey of the local population. Results showed that S1 leads to around 5% economic savings for the municipality due to the avoidance of organic waste transportation and disposal. Environmental benefits include a lowering of CO2-Eq emissions of about 19,076 tonnes year−1. In addition, about 28% of the interviewed ( n = 319) agreed to employ the home composting system at home (CI 5.5%, 95% of confidence level) supporting the theory that about 10% of the organic waste can be segregated and home-composted. The research underlines that home composting can contribute to improve the sustainability of SWM systems in developing countries.

PERAN SERTA MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI DISTRIK MIMIKA BARU KABUPATEN MIMIKA

This study aims to analyze and determine the pattern of waste management, to assess the active role and involvement of the community in waste management through the 3R method (reduce, reuse, recycle). The research methodology uses descriptive quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis methods. Collecting data through observation, questionnaires, and interviews with the sampling technique used is the Stratified Random Sampling method with a sample of 100 respondents. Through the identification carried out, it was found that the community's preference for waste management was included in the good category. Community participation in the current solid waste management system is still low. The role of stakeholders in waste management is still only normative. The potential and constraints of community participation can be developed into a form of household scale management, a form of communal management, and a form of centralized management. Thus, it was found that in order to find a form of waste management in accordance with local conditions, it was necessary to assess community preferences, development potentials and constraints, as well as the economic potential of solid waste, which was integrated with the current form of management.

Domestic Waste Disposal Practices and Perception towards Solid Waste Management in Selected Areas of Bangalore, India

Aims: To assess the waste disposal practices and perception towards solid waste management in selected areas of Bangalore.
 Study Design:  Descriptive cross-sectional study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Bangalore between November 2019- November 2020.
 Methodology: Multi stage sampling technique was used. Using random sampling, respondents from 100 households were selected from each of the 3 study areas. Face to face interview and focus group discussions in all 3 areas were conducted. Semi structured questionnaires were used to collect data.
 Results: The study revealed that only 35% of the respondents segregated their waste even though 64% of them had heard about it. 74.7% of them said waste van was available to collect their waste whereas few of them also resorted to open dumping and burning as method of waste disposal. 94% of the respondents said food waste was the commonly produced waste followed by plastics and papers. 14.3% respondents said garbage collection facility was not available in their area. About 72.6% of them were satisfied with the current solid waste management system. Availability of regular garbage collection facility was found to be significant with waste disposal practice.
 Conclusion: The variables such as age, education, size of household, source of income and monthly income were found to be significant with waste segregation practices. The waste segregation practices were found to be highly significant with knowledge on waste segregation, education on solid waste management, and exposure to information.

Provision of extended producer responsibility system for products packaging: A case study of Iran

A powerful legal tool in evolving solid waste management (SWM) systems is extended producer responsibility (EPR). It is a mechanism that shifts the responsibility of a product to manufacturers/importers at the 'end-of-life' stage. Yet, implementation of the EPR concept has faced difficulties in developing countries. In Iran, as one such country, the principle of EPR system was issued in executive regulation of SWM in 2005, however, so far, it has been limited to a voluntary scheme. The problem merits further investigation. Therefore, this study aims to shed light on the obstacles in the path of developing EPR system for product packaging. The research examines the current SWM systems in four functional classified frameworks: legal, institutional, financial and technical. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the system are elaborated through semi-structured interviews with a senior executive in the Ministry of Interior (MoI). Then, viable methods to increase resource efficiency and sustainable waste treatment are suggested. The change in the financing mechanism in the Budget Law 2020 forces the manufacturers/importers of products containing recyclable components to pay the revenue from one in 1000 products to MoI for developing recycling facilities and incinerators through partnerships with the private sector. This new strategy would promote proper management of product packaging, create more jobs and a market for international cooperation. However, poor source-separation of wet/dry waste, informal sector activities, exclusive focus on the economic aspect of waste management, lack of expertise and public awareness campaigns are the barriers in this regard.

Households’ participation in solid waste management system of Homs city, Syria

Solid waste management practice is a matter of concern for public health and environmental protection and has become a major challenge in Syria. Improper waste management can bear adverse consequences on public health, environment, and natural resources. The current study focuses on households' participation in solid waste management in Homs city. Waste management plans can only be successful if the community support and actively participate in it, and as the largest stakeholder, households have an important role by reduction of waste volume and increasing the recovery rate. In respect to this issue, this study presents the findings of the research concerning the waste management practices applied by households at the local level in Homs city as well as the attitude of households (as service users) to the current solid waste management system. Data were assembled by a questionnaire survey conducted on 300 households in Homs city as well as formal interviews with officials and supervisors in related departments. We found that composting activities were not applied in the studied areas as well as waste separation practices were spurred by economic revenues earned without prior knowledge of the environmental benefits. Moreover, residents had to practice improper ways to remove their waste from residential areas in cases of inadequate and unreliable waste collection services.

‘Wasteaware’ Indicators: an Assessment of the Current Solid Waste Management System in Lahore, Pakistan

The present status of solid waste management reviewed into this article based in Lahore, Pakistan. Following UN-Habitat city profiling with involved systematic quantitative, qualitative assessment, governance features of the present waste management includes in and shows the present system, waste collection, transportation is the main concentration and producing 74,000 tons year-1 of organic compost. Lahore waste management system (LWMC) is low in their target market consulted in decision making (inclusivity) and bad performance (governance features). Formal waste management system having backward of the informal system, which is absolutely inconsistent with current waste management systems. Watchful arranging and organization proposed here to reduce the trouble by integrating informal waste management system into formal waste management system for shared advantages. The integrated sustainable waste management (ISWM) indicators used for different levels of income class and LWMC performance in Lahore. Recommendation builds for the public awareness for recycling and to make the integrating informal sector sustainable system and fill the historical data gap.

Municipal solid waste management: Integrated analysis of environmental and economic indicators based on life cycle assessment

This paper develops a method to analyze municipal solid waste management systems (MSWMS) that integrates environmental and economic indicators using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC). The method was tested in the city of Sorocaba, Brazil, a medium size municipality typical of many developing countries. Environmental impacts were analyzed considering system expansion, which combined the aspects of primary production and recycling processes with the impacts of MSWMS. The economic analysis included operating and investment costs to the costs of environmental externalities, thus enabling the analysis of total costs to society. An integrated analysis of environmental indicators revealed that the most significant reductions in environmental impacts occurred in the scenarios with higher rates of reuse of dry waste through recycling (70%), which lowered these impacts by up to 50% when compared to the current scenario. An analysis of economic performance indicated that the two scenarios that combined the highest recycling goals with greater transport efficiency and more composting yielded the best results, reducing the total social costs by 31% and 33%, respectively. Lastly, the integration of environmental and economic analyses revealed that the best results are obtained by a combination of composting, mechanical biological treatment and recycling, which would reduce the impacts of MSWMS by up to 33.7 points per invested dollar. The results supports the application of this proposed integrate approach to improve the current solid waste management system in Sorocaba and in other cities with a similar system and waste generation.

Study of marine debris around a tourist city in East China: Implication for waste management

Marine debris characterization is fundamental for developing policies aiming at ending the flow of marine debris at the source. China has the largest coastal population in the world. For this emerging economy, the sources of debris might be different from those in regions at different developmental stages. As a typical coastal tourist city and a special economic zone in East China, there are multiple sources of marine debris continuously produced around Xiamen. Marine debris characterization here could provide insights into regulatory measures. Therefore, the abundance and composition of marine debris around Xiamen were investigated. Average densities of floating, beached, benthic macro-debris and floating microplastics (0.5 mm - 5 mm) were 3963 ± 2027 items km−2, 0.13 ± 0.08 items m−2, 20,274 ± 15,873 items km−2 and 36,455 ± 33,935 items km−2, respectively. Based on the Clean Coast Indexes, the beaches investigated were supposed to be “very clean” most of the time (73.2% ± 34.9%). Wastes with low value for recycling/reuse, such as grocery bags, ropes, and foams, were the main items of marine debris in the study area. Both domestic sources from the upstream and local fishing/aquaculture activities significantly contributed to marine debris. Obvious regional differences in benthic debris categories could be explained by both natural factors and the rural-urban gap in economic levels, waste-management strategies and infrastructure. These might be common features in this emerging market and densely populated economy. The findings provide insights into the sources of mismanaged waste around this tourist city and some neglected deficiencies in China's current solid waste management system.

Misconceptions and Inappropriate Solid Waste Management in Small Towns of Ethiopia: Bule Hora Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Solid waste challenge in developing countries, like Ethiopia, is aggravated by the malfunctioning of traditional waste management systems due to rapid development and the alarmingly increasing human population. Bule Hora Town, in Ethiopia, is among the most environmentally degraded environment due to the inappropriate traditional solid waste management system. Therefore, this study was intended to investigate the public awareness and concern to the ever worsening environmental pollution and why the traditional waste disposal systems can stay dominant in the town. Data were collected using door-to-door close-ended questionnaire by a simple random sampling technique. The findings showed that plastics and festal; fruits, chat leaves and vegetables; and metals and cans respectively made 48(+5)%, 18 (+2)% and 11 (+3)% of the solid waste pool. Variations in the awareness and concern to various environmental degradation among different age groups was clearly seen where people under the age of forty showed better understanding. Response findings showed that the dominant solid waste disposal system is open air burning (42%) followed by open field dumping (36%) showing that the current solid waste management systems is traditional and inappropriate. Moreover, 50% of the respondent above age 40 and 30% of the respondents below age 40 believe that open solid waste burning is a good and long stayed tradition; and it is also undeniable that 35% of the older people related burning of solid waste, particularly during the month of December, has a religion background, which actually is not.

‘Wasteaware’ Indicators: an Assessment of the Current Solid Waste Management System in Lahore, Pakistan

‘Wasteaware’ Indicators: an Assessment of the Current Solid Waste Management System in Lahore, Pakistan

Households willingness to pay for improved solid waste management

Waste is a byproduct of human life. Nowadays, municipal solid waste is being produced in excessive amounts and in this way, both developing and developed countries are facing challenges regarding generation of waste. Economic development, urbanization and improved living standards in cities have contributed to increase in the amount and complexity of solid waste produced. The present study was conducted in the residential area of main Boulevard Gulberg, Lahore to determine the present methods and efficiency of current solid waste management facility and to estimate the willingness of the selected households to pay for the improvement of solid waste management through questionnaire survey. It was found that current Solid waste management system in the area is fair but needs more improvement in terms of improved collection efficiency and rates, recycling bins, and segregation of waste at storage. According to the questionnaire survey, majority of the respondents despite belonging to middle class incomes are willing to pay an amount less than USD 4.8 for the improvement of waste management facility in the area. The area lacks frequent collection of waste containers. Therefore, there is a need for upgradation of storage and collection facilities in terms of increase in collection efficiency and rates, introduction of recycling facility and segregation of waste at source. Waste storage and collection sites of the area should be monitored periodically and waste should be disposed of in a scientific manner in sanitary landfills.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN BANJALUKA, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

In this paper life cycle assessment was applied to analyze and evaluate, from an environmental point of view, current and alternatives to the current solid waste management system in Banjaluka region. The current system, which is disposal on landfill, has significant adverse environmental impacts caused by methane emissions from landfill. Therefore, four different scenarios were developed as alternatives to the current waste management system. Landfilling with energy recovery, separate collection of packaging waste, incineration and anaerobic digestion were considered in these scenarios. The functional unit in this study is 100,000 tons which is the amount of municipal waste which is generated within one year in Banjaluka. The assessment in this study was based on results from modelling performed in the EASETECH model. The improvement of gas collection in the current scenario and its utilisation for the purpose of creating energy will have a positive effect on the environment. Increasing separation collection of packaging waste and reducing biodegradable waste will have a positive effect on the environment. The separation and recycling of packaging waste should begin as soon as possible and policies that promote source separated collection should be implemented.

Sustainable Solid Waste Management System: Barangay Bayog, Los Baños, Laguna

The study analyzed how Barangay Bayog, Los Baños, Laguna can attain a sustainable solid waste management program. Specifically, it determined how the communities can be classified according to social class and examined how the different social classes can implement a sustainable solid waste management program. The study concludes that the behavior of the different social classes varies in terms of managing their waste. The current solid waste management system of Barangay Bayog undergoes a long process and produces an enormous amount of solid waste. Such current practices are unsustainable. The Barangay does not have the necessary policy program to enhance the sustainability of solid waste management. The study recommends that the barangay captain together with other officials and representatives from the different social classes should convene and discuss several issues with regards to different policy programs that need to be implemented in the Barangay. These include preparation of Barangay strategic solid waste management plan, organization of Barangay solid waste management team and association of classes D and E, putting up a material recovery facility, and development of appropriate technology to reduce waste. Technical and financial assistance can also be secured from the Los Baños Science Community Foundation, Inc. (LBSCFI) members. There should be Information-Education Campaign (IEC) activities and a regular barangay clean-up day, and rehabilitation of rivers to encourage participation. Monitoring and evaluation of the solid waste management activities should be done to provide continuity of the program.

Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos: Um Estudo de Caso na CETRIC (Central de Tratamento de Resíduos Sólidos Industriais) de Chapecó-SC

The objective of this study is to evaluate the current solid waste management system of CETRIC - Central of Industrial Solid Waste Management at the State of Santa Catarina. In order to do that it was checked how does work the collection system, recycling and disposal of solid waste, which are the main difficulties of solid waste management and what is the organization sustainability level.  The research approach is qualitative and quantitative, and consists of a descriptive study. Regarding the proceedings, it is a case study. An action plan was proposed in order to offer a new possibility of change for the company to meet its current difficulties and optimize its process. It was found that the practices carried out by Cetric are in accordance with the rules and that the level of sustainability of the company is good, but it needs an upgrade by adopting recycling systems, reverse logistics and ISO 14001.

Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Management System and Willingness-To-Pay for its Improvements in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

This paper reports the evaluation of households’ usage of the current solid waste management system (SWMS) within the city of Ilorin, central Nigeria and investigates the determinants of household’s willingness-to-Pay (WTP) for its improvement. Data was collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire administered to households within four neighbourhoods that represent the major subdivisions in the metropolis. The multiple regression model was applied in explaining household’s usage of the current system and WTP.The study found that 36% and 64% respectively of the households were unsatisfied and moderately satisfied with the current waste management system. The combined effect of household’s demographic profiles, geometric profile and position of waste management facility gave a significant fitted model to show the relationship between household’s willingness to pay and the considered predictors. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v34i4.28

Multicriteria analysis of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) utilisation in waste treatment facilities: the case of Chania prefecture, Greece

Greece's current solid waste management system faces important environmental challenges that make it non-sustainable. There is a need to move towards an integrated solid waste management that shall include systems in the frames of 'sustainable development' approach. An optimisation methodology is applied in Greece, where various Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) could be exploited to satisfy part of the existing and proposed waste management facilities' energy needs. An application of multicriteria analysis and many scenarios were examined in the cases where the requirements of certain end uses were increased and where RES could not contribute at the maximum of their potential.

Life cycle assesment of municipal solid waste management methods: Ankara case study

Different solid waste management system scenarios were developed and compared for the Municipal Solid Waste Management System of Ankara by using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The solid waste management methods considered in the scenarios were collection and transportation of wastes, source reduction, Material Recovery Facility (MRF)/Transfer Stations (TS), incineration, anaerobic digestion and landfilling. The goal of the study was to determine the most environmentally friendly option of MSWM system for Ankara. The functional unit of the study was the amount of solid waste generated in the system area of concern, which are the districts of Ankara. The life cycle inventory analysis was carried out by IWM Model-1. The inputs and outputs of each management stage were defined and the inventory emissions calculated by the model were classified in to impact categories; non-renewable energy sources exhausting potential, final solid waste as hazardous and non-hazardous, global warming, acidification, eutrophication and human toxicity. The impacts were quantified with the weighing factors of each category to develop the environmental profiles of each scenario. In most of the categories, Source Reduction Scenario was found to be the most feasible management method, except the global warming category. The lowest contribution to GWP was calculated for the anaerobic digestion process. In the interpretation and improvement assessment stage, the results were further evaluated and recommendations were made to improve the current solid waste management system of Ankara.

Strategic planning of recycling options by multi-objective programming in a GIS environment

The twentieth century saw a dramatic increase in the production of urban solid waste, reflecting unprecedented global levels of economic activity. Most of the urban cities are facing problems of solid-waste collection, treatment, and disposal due to increasing population, rapid urbanization, industrialization, and commercialization. Learning lessons from the failures of the solid-waste management systems, it is felt that a systematic approach of solid-waste management is a desirable solution, which can be achieved only by a strategic planning approach for achieving a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment. Effective planning of solid-waste recycling programs is a substantial challenge for the current solid-waste management systems in developing countries like India. Due to the rapid depletion of landfill space and the continuing delay in construction programs of municipal incinerators, solid-waste management strategies have to be reorganized in the light of the success of recycling, recovery, and reuse of secondary materials. One of these efforts is how to effectively allocate recycling drop-off stations of appropriate size and how to design efficient collection-vehicle routing and scheduling programs in the solid-waste collection network. The present paper describes a multi-objective evaluation of the trade-off between the number and size of drop-off stations, population covered in the service network, average walking distance to drop-off stations by the population, and the distance traveled by collection vehicles. It is illustrated by the use of algorithms in a geographical information system (GIS) platform. A GIS-based model is proposed for the design of solid-waste system considering the waste generation, allocation, recycling options, and locating drop-off stations.

Strategic Planning of Recycling Drop-Off Stations and Collection Network by Multiobjective Programming.

/ Effective planning of solid-waste recycling programs is a substantial challenge to the current solid-waste management systems in Taiwan. Due to the rapid depletion of landfill space and the continuing delay in construction programs of municipal incinerators, solid-waste management strategies have to be reorganized in light of the success of recycling, recovery, and reuse of secondary materials. One of these efforts is how to effectively allocate recycling drop-off stations of appropriate size and how to design efficient collection-vehicle routing and scheduling programs in the solid waste collection network. This management strategy is particularly important in the privatized system with recycling containers and material recovery facilities (MRFs) owned by one agency. This research seeks multiobjective evaluation of the trade-off between the number and size of drop-off stations, the population covered in the service network, the average walking distance to drop-off stations by the population, and the distance traveled by collection vehicles. It also illustrates the use of the multiobjective nonlinear mixed integer programming model to achieve such goals that are solved by the genetic algorithms (GA) in a geographical information system (GIS) platform. The case study shows the application potential of such a methodology in the city of Kaohsiung in Taiwan.KEY WORDS: Optimization analysis; Recycling; Solid waste managementhttp://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/24n2p247.html